MassCom Digest: Notes, Theories & Media Trends

In an effort to lure the Taliban to the bargaining table, the Trump administration may ask the Afghan government to postpone presidential elections - a move the Taliban will undoubtedly construe as a sign of American weakness because they have always claimed the Kabul regime as illegitimate. In that respect, the Taliban are correct. Other than a “presence” in Afghanistan, the United States has no strategic cards to play. There is no military solution in Afghanistan, at least from the standpoint of the manner in which we have conducted the war. After an initial small-footprint victory in late 2001, driving the Taliban out of Afghanistan, the U.S. chose to mount an exhaustive and expensive counterinsurgency campaign with its nation-building component. At the same time, Pakistan, sustaining the Taliban , waged a proxy war in Afghanistan, much like Pakistan’s and, indirectly, China’s reported support and use of the Islamic extremist group Lashkar-e-Taiba and its affiliates against India....

INCREASING GAP BETWEEN HIGHER AND LOWER EDUCATED PEOPLE History and Orientation The knowledge gap theory was first proposed by Tichenor, Donohue and Olien at the University of Minnesota in the 70s. They believe that the increase of information in society is not evenly acquired by every member of society: people with higher socioeconomic status tend to have better ability to acquire information ( Weng, S.C. 2000 ). This leads to a division of two groups: a group of better-educated people who know more about most things, and those with low education who know less. Lower socio-economic status (SES) people, defined partly by educational level, have little or no knowledge about public affairs issues, are disconnected from news events and important new discoveries, and usually aren’t concerned about their lack of knowledge. Core Assumptions and Statements The knowledge gap can result in an increased gap between people of lower and higher socioeconomic status. The attempt to improv...

Language and Communication Morpheme is the minimal meaningful grammatical unit of a language that cannot be further divided (e.g. in, come, -ing, forming incoming). Morphology is the study of word formation that how new words are createdand get different shapes. It also gives a different meaning according to the context. In fact, context indicates the context which helps us to draw the meaning. e.g ‘Hamza is assigned to manage the media group as the president.’ ‘Hamza successfully trained the management of the media group.’ Hamza`s first session was about, ‘Reporting professionally is easily manageable .’ In the above examples we see that the shapes of the words change according to the context and it also changes the meaning. Types of Morphemes Morpheme can be classified as either free or bound. Free Morphemes that can occur on their own without any morphemes necessarily attached to them. As such, free morphemes can stand by themselves as single, thoroughly indep...

MASS MEDIA IN PAKISTAN Topic: Film/Motion Picture Film or movie is a form of entertainment that enacts a story by a sequence of images giving the illusionof continuous movement. They are also called motion picture because a film or a movie works on thetheme of pictures in motion. Film in Sub-Continent The Lumier Brothers of France exhibited their short films in December 1895 at Grande Cafe, Paris. Thefollowing year, they brought the show to India and held its premiere at the Watson Hotel in Bombay on7 July 1896. Raja Harishchandra (1913) was the first silent feature film made in subcontinent. It was made byDadasahebPhalke.By the 1930s, the industry was producing over 200 films per annum. The first Indian sound film,ArdeshirIrani'sAlamAra (1931), was a super hit. There was clearly a huge market for talkies andmusicals; Bollywood and all the regional film industries quickly switched to sound filming. Film – a popular medium of communication Film is an important and a very p...

The Social, Political and Economic Effects of the War on Terror: Pakistan 2009 To 2011 Pakistan has been fighting the war on terror, as a front line state, since September 2001. So far, the war has brought huge destruction to Pakistan by slowing down the economic growth, devastating the social structure, and harming the country politically. This paper attempts to study the social, political, and economic effects of the war on terror on Pakistan from 2009 to 2011. During this period, intensity of the war increased and it spread into the settled areas of Pakistan. Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) suffered the most. This qualitative paper shows a significant negative relationship between terrorist activities and economic growth, social progress, and political advancement. 1:These are the primary sectors of Pakistan economy and any terrorist activity has a negative impact on these sectors.  Pakistan is an agrarian economy and 45 percent of the p...