HYPOTHESIS

Hypothesis definition 

The word hypothesis is a combination of two words hypo+thesis

Hypo mean tentative or subject to verification

and thesis means statement about solution of a problem 

Therefore hypothesis is a tentative statement about the relationship between teo or more variables 

it is a specific testable statement/ prediction 

about what you expect to happen in a study.

Elements of a Good Hypothesis

1:it is based on your research Topic.

2:It can be tested through instrument you design for your study

3: it must include the independent and dependent variables

Hypothesis should begin with complete background research on your topic. After literature review start thinking about possible questions that are still not answered through literature review. In journal articles many authors suggest questions in discussion section that are still need to be explored.

NATURE OF HYPOTHESIS

 1: conceptual elements in the framework are  involved in Hypothesis

2:  its a verbal statement in a declarative form .though hypothesis involved a smart intellectual guess a hunch that is yet to be tested with reliable data but it must be in complete declarative statement

3: it represents the tentative relationship between variables

4: A hypothesis is future oriented .It relates to the future verifications instead if past facts and informations

5: whole research activity is designed for verification of hypothesis

FUNCTIONS OF HYPOTHESIS

1: formulation if hypothesis provide us the study of focus
2: It provides guidence and directions to tge research
3: how to collect data  for research
4: objectivity
5: may enable you to add to the formulation of new theory

Dos and Donts
1: it must be simple unidimensional and conceptually clear
2: Never make a statemet where more than two variables are involved
3: it must be verifyable if technique is not availabale try to avoid such phenomenon but if you create a new technique yoi will be praises
4: hypothesis must be related to existing body of knowledge
5: should be operationalizable.use terms that can be measured.

TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
NULL HYPOTHESIS

RESEARCH Hypothesis
 A research hypothesis (H1) is the statement created by researchers when they speculate ( guess ) upon the outcome of a research or experiment. With literature review we can assume ideas / phenomenon that we are going to test with our instrument..
Types of Research Hypothesis
1

: Hypothesis Of difference

The research hypothesis states that there is an association or difference
With hypothesis testing, the research hypothesis states that there IS a difference or association between variables of interest. Researchers have conducted a literature review and created a valid and credible research question. Now, they can make an informed and evidence-based research hypothesis that there will be a difference/association/effect.it can yet find at ordinal level


2: Hypothesis of no difference
its opposite to the hypothesis if no difference means when you see relationship between two variables and feel there is no significance differnce between them.
nominal level

3:Hypothesis of point prevelance
when you analyze the level and degree of the difference between two variables
interval scale
4: Association Hypothesis
when you desrcibe the phenomena with complete information your hyothesis can tell the degrees or proportion of some phenomenon like if you made a statement that male smokers are twice as much as compare to female smokers in the study of population. ratio scale .

Scales help us in determine which type we should cjose according to nature of study. whether you need to figure out the differnce level or association.
we determine which scale should be used ..



 Null hypothesis

The simplistic definition of the null is as the opposite of the alternative hypothesis, H1, although the principle is a little more complex than that.

The null hypothesis (H0) is a hypothesis which the researcher tries to disprove, reject or nullify.

The 'null' often refers to the common view of something, while the alternative hypothesis is what the researcher really thinks is the cause of a phenomenon.

The simplistic definition of the null is as the opposite of the alternative hypothesis, H1, although the principle is a little more complex than that.

The null hypothesis (H0) is a hypothesis which the researcher tries to disprove, reject or nullify.

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